Even before neuroscience validated the principles underlying her entire teaching method, Maria Montessori had succeeded in demonstrating, through rigorous scientific observation of children, the importance of learning through experience, movement, and manipulation in a prepared and stimulating environment that encourages concentration and repetition of tasks. The role of the adult is completely redefined: from being a knowledgeable and authoritative "commander," they become a skilled observer and discreet guide for the child, helping them to reach their full potential. For Maria Montessori, education goes far beyond simply teaching a school curriculum. It is a guide to life, with the goal of "educating human potential."

Maria Montessori opened her first school in Rome, in the working-class neighborhood of San Lorenzo, in 1907. She welcomed children between the ages of 3 and 6 and offered them a new type of education that emphasized independence and concentration. Very quickly, observers flocked from all over the world to see this new type of school, and the phenomenon spread worldwide (United States, India, Europe, etc.).

Today, there are nearly 35,000 Montessori schools around the world. Montessori education is used in nurseries, elementary schools, middle schools, and even high schools. It is being rolled out in developing countries through the Educators Without Borders program, and is also being introduced in retirement homes to help older people maintain their cognitive abilities.